Locate the relevant transmitter and modulator substance producing cell groups! The picture shows the central nervous system as seen from behind. Center using the arrow cross! Deselect 1/and2/. Compare with the initial steps in the picture "Central Nervous System Nuclei"! Uncheck a) empty d) if you think they are disturbing. Uncheck 3/. Check, unfold and go in turn through Lists 1 through 4!! Think about the strange situation we have here! Namely, that virtually all drugs used in psychiatry either potentiate or weaken the effects of substances produced by a limited number of cell groups (Lists 1-4) located in formatio reticularis. Then be surprised by the almost total coverage of the CNS that the target areas of the cell groups represent (Steps 1 through 4). NB! Place and move the image around the way you want it on the screen, use different magnifications, and go through lists (Help).

Step 1.

Signal flows in and out of acetylcholine-producing cell groups. The contours of the acetylcholine-producing cell groups on hay. and we. The side as well as the fasciculus tegmentalis dorsalis on the hay side are already marked. Let them stay that way during the further passage of step 1! The epithalamus area(i) should be deselected as it obscures details of the different signal flows. Check the different heading sections in turn from top to bottom and expand the lists. Turn off the walked header section before opening the next one. As you will see, the different acetylcholine-producing cell groups together have an extensive target range! There is hardly any point in trying to learn all the details here. However, you can get an idea of where the target areas are most widespread and, via the database (click on the name in the list), something about their most important functions. NB! Place and move the image around the way you want it on the screen, use different magnifications, and go through lists (Help).

Step 2.

Signal flows out from adrenaline-producing cell groups. The contours of the adrenaline-producing cell groups on hay. and we. page and medial forebrain bundle/MFB on the right side are already marked. Let them stay that way during the further passage of step 2! The epithalamus area(i) should be deselected as it obscures details of the different signal flows. Check and expand the list. The adrenaline-producing cell groups have an extensive target range! There is hardly any point in trying to learn all the details here. However, you can get an idea of where the target areas are most widespread and, via the database (click on the name in the list), something about their most important functions. NB! Place and move the image around the way you want it on the screen, use different magnifications, and go through lists (Help).

Step 3.

Signal flows out of dopamine-producing cell groups. The contours of the dopamine-producing cell groups on hay. and we. page and medial forebrain bundle/MFB on the right side are already marked. Let them stay that way during the further passage of step 3! The epithalamus area(i) should be deselected as it obscures details of the different signal flows. Check the different heading sections in turn from top to bottom and expand the lists. Turn off the walked header section before opening the next one. As you will see, the different dopamine-producing cell groups together have an extensive target area! There is hardly any point in trying to learn all the details here. However, you can get an idea of where the target areas are most widespread and, via the database (click on the name in the list), something about their most important functions. NB! Place and move the image around the way you want it on the screen, use different magnifications, and go through lists (Help).

Step 4.

Signal flows in and out of norepinephrine-producing cell groups. The contours of the noradrenaline-producing cell groups and medial forebrain bundle/MFB on hay. and we. pages are already selected. Let them stay that way during the further passage of step 4! The epithalamus area(i) should be deselected as it obscures details of the different signal flows. First, check the inflow sections on the left. page in turn from top to bottom and unfold the lists. Turn off the walkthrough section before opening the next one. Then, when the left side is completely "blacked out", check the outflow sections on hay. page in turn from top to bottom and unfold the lists. Turn off the walkthrough section before opening the next one. Then in all sections both on hay. and we. page. As you can see, the different inflow areas and the target areas of the noradrenaline-producing cell groups together have a very extensive spread in the CNS! There is no point in trying to learn the details here. However, you can get a good idea of the extent of the spread and, via the database (click on the name in the list), something about the most important functions. NB! Place and move the image around the way you want it on the screen, use different magnifications, and go through lists (Help).

Formatio reticularis 3. Acetylcholine, adrenaline, dopamine, and norepinephrine-producing cell groups.